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Fig. 3 | Inflammation and Regeneration

Fig. 3

From: Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach induces neuroinflammation: the potential roles of bacterial outer membrane vesicles in an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease

Fig. 3

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and their functions. A The size of representative vesicles and virions. Exosomes and microvesicles are produced by mammalian cells. B OMVs are derived from the outer membrane lipid bilayer of Gram-negative bacteria; OMVs contain lipopolysaccharides (LPS), proteins, peptidoglycans (PG), DNA, and RNA. OMVs have various functions. At the colonization site, OMVs support the communications between bacteria, serve as a decoy target for antibiotics and bacteriophages, and transfer virulence factors, such as toxins, to target host cells (epithelium). In the remote organs, OMVs can activate innate (macrophage/dendritic cell/microglia) and adaptive (T cell/B cell) immune cells

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Inflammation and Regeneration

ISSN: 1880-8190

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