Fig. 8

Schematic representation. Atypical cholangiocytes in ductular reaction (DR) can be derived from hepatocyte-cholangiocyte transdifferentiation (HCT). HCT mediated by the COX-2-TGF-β-TGFBR1-β-catenin-TCF4 pathway misguided liver regeneration with maldevelopment of the bile drainage system and bile acid homeostasis disequilibrium. The secondary strike of chronic liver injury can be ameliorated by the inhibition of COX-2