Fig. 5
From: Peripheral and central regulation of neuro–immune crosstalk
Systemic neuro–immune crosstalk Several brain regions coordinate neuro–immune interactions in peripheral tissues. Neural circuits in IC record and retrieve peripheral inflammation, such as colitis and peritonitis. The maintenance of amygdalar synaptic homeostasis is essential for orchestrating systemic metabolism and hematopoiesis. NTS communicates with the intestine and the liver via vagal nerves, thereby establishing the intestinal immune niche