Fig. 12

Graphical abstract. Synovial inflammation induced by carrageenan injection causes macrophages to release Nampt and Spp1 to Mki67+ synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The synovial MSCs release Ccl7, Spp1, and Csf1 to macrophages. As a result, synovial MSCs increase in number and show activation of extracellular matrix organization and anabolic pathways of metabolism. Macrophage depletion by clodronate liposomes downregulated these signals, leading to a lack of synovial MSC activation