Fig. 1

Silk thread ligation induces periodontitis, leading to alveolar bone resorption. a Representative images showing silk threads ligated around the maxillary second molars of a mouse to induce periodontitis. b–g Assessment of alveolar bone resorption in the 3-month (b–d) and 5-month (e–g) period periodontitis models without and with Pg, compared with controls (Ctrl), using CT imaging. b CT images of the left second molars from Ctrl, 3MP, and 3MP_PG groups. c, d Quantification of the distance between the alveolar bone crest (ABC) and cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) at the distal and mesial sites of the second molars. e CT images of the left second molars from Ctrl, 5MP, and 5MP_PG groups. f, g Quantification of ABC-CEJ distance at the distal and mesial sites of the second molars. Five mice (n = 5) were used for the analysis in 3MP of the left site and 5MP of the left site and 5MP_PG of the left site. Four mice (n = 4) were used for the analysis in 3MP of the right site and 3MP_PG of the left site and 5MP of the right site and 5MP_PG of the right site. Three mice (n = 3) were used for the 3MP_PG of the right site. Data are presented as mean ± SE. Statistical significance was determined using an unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test