Fig. 2

Periodontitis did not significantly impair fast-twitch muscles. a Scatter plot of fast-twitch samples colored by clusters in UMAP embedding. Clusters were named after their significantly upregulated genes (sigups). If several clusters shared the same sigups, their names were indexed. If no applicable sigups were found, the cluster was named Unknown. b Violin plots of the sigups for the clusters. c Violin plots of the factor 1 scores (corresponding to the likelihood of being fast-twitch) by clusters. Raw data are also overlaid with horizontal jitters. d, e Sample sizes of the clusters stratified by experimental conditions. f Quantitative graphs depicting body weight, right and left gastrocnemius muscle weight, and right and left gastrocnemius muscle/body weight ratio of mice in each group (n = 5). g Immunostained image of gastrocnemius muscle using an anti-laminin antibody on a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sample, along with quantification of the cross-sectional area (n = 3). The upper panel displays the 3-month disease model, while the lower panel shows the 5-month disease model. Data are presented as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey–Kramer test was applied for group analysis. *p < 0.05, ns: not significant. Scale bar: 100 μm