Fig. 1

Peripheral blood CX3CR1+ T cells are increased in LORA. a Gating strategy for identifying CX3CR1+ T cells by flow cytometry. b Comparison of peripheral blood CX3CR1+ T cells between treatment-naive, active RA, and HC. Mann–Whitney U test. c Comparative analysis of peripheral blood CX3CR1+ T cells among clinical characteristics of RA (LORA, seropositivity, and sex difference). Seropositivity for autoantibodies refers to the presence of either RF, anti-CCP antibodies, or both. Mann–Whitney U test. d Intracellular GZMB expression in CX3CR1⁺CD4⁺ T cells. The area within the black bold frame represents CX3CR1⁺GZMB⁺CD4⁺ T cells